Post-radiation lumbosacral radiculopathy with spinal root cavernomas mimicking carcinomatous meningitis

¹ APHP, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; INSERM U711, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
² APHP, Service de Neuroradiologie, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
³ APHP, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
⁴ APHP, Service de Neuropathologie, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
⁵ APHP, Service d’Oncologie-Radiothérapie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
⁶ APHP, Service de Neurochirurgie, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
⁷ APHP, Fédération de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
⁸ APHP, Fédération des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pierre-francois.pradat{at}psl.aphp.fr.

	Abstract

Lumbosacral radiculopathy is a rare complication of radiotherapy and may be challenging to differentiate from diagnosis of a tumor recurrence. We reviewed the records of three patients with a past history of cancer and radiotherapy who were referred for suspicion of carcinomatous meningitis on lumbar MRI, but whose final diagnosis was radiation-induced lumbosacral radiculopathy. The three patients developed a progressive lumbosacral radiculopathy at 20, 13 and 47 years following lumbar radiotherapy delivered for renal cancer, Hodgkin’s disease and a seminoma, respectively. MRI showed a diffuse, nodular enhancement of the cauda equina nerve roots on T1 sequences, suggestive of leptomeningeal metastasis. A slowly progressive clinical course over several years and negative CSF cytologic analysis ruled out the diagnosis of carcinomatous meningitis. Because of the radiological findings, a biopsy was performed in two patients. In the first, a biopsy limited to the arachnoid excluded a malignant infiltration. In the second, a biopsy of the enhancing lesions demonstrated spinal root cavernomas. These observations, together with three recent case reports in the literature, delineate a syndrome of "radiation-induced lumbosacral radiculopathy with multiple spinal root cavernomas" which mimics carcinomatous meningitis on MRI. Its diagnosis is important in order to avoid inappropriate treatment and useless or dangerous spinal root biopsies.

Key Words: carcinomatous meningitis, cauda equina, cavernoma, radiotherapy

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