|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
||||
Tumor Biology |
Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
2 Address correspondence to Michael W. Graner, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, MSRB 173A, Durham, NC 27710, USA (michael.graner{at}duke.edu).
Abstract
Chaperone proteins are most notable for the proteo- and cyotoprotective capacities they afford during cellular stress. Under conditions of cellular normalcy, chaperones still play integral roles in the folding of nascent polypeptides into functional entities, in assisting in intracellular/intraorganellar transport, in assembly and maintenance of multi-subunit protein complexes, and in aiding and abetting the degradation of senescent proteins. Tumors frequently have relatively enhanced needs for chaperone number and activity because of the stresses of rapid proliferation, increased metabolism, and overall genetic instability. Thus, it may be possible to take advantage of this reliance that tumor cells have on chaperones by pharmacologic and biologic means. Certain chaperones are abundant in the brain, which implies important roles for them. While it is presumed that the requirements of brain tumors for chaperone proteins are similar to those of any other cell type, tumor or otherwise, very little inquiry has been directed at the possibility of using chaperone proteins as therapeutic targets or even as therapeutic agents against central nervous system malignancies. This review highlights some of the research on the functions of chaperone proteins, on what can be done to modify those functions, and on the physiological responses that tumors and organisms can have to chaperone-targeted or chaperone-based therapies. In particular, this review will also underscore areas of research where brain tumors have been part of the field, although in general those instances are few and far between. This relative dearth of research devoted to chaperone protein targets and therapeutics in brain tumors reveals much untrodden turf to explore for potential treatments of these dread fully refractive diseases.
References
Altmeyer, A., Maki, R.G., Feldweg, A.M., Heike, M., Protopopov, V.P., Masur, S.K., and Srivastava, P.K. (1996) Tumor-specific cell surface expression of the-KDEL containing, endoplasmic reticular heat shock protein gp96. Int. J. Cancer 69,340 -349.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Aoyama, A., Steiger, R.H., Frohli, E., Schafer, R., von Deimling, A., Wiestler, O.D., and Klemenz, R. (1993) Expression of alpha B-crystallin in human brain tumors. Int. J. Cancer 55,760 -764.[ISI][Medline]
Appelskog, I.B., Ammerpohl, O., Svechnikova, I.G., Lui, W.O., Almqvist, P.M., and Ekstrom, T.J. (2004) Histone deacetylase inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate suppresses GAPDH mRNA expression in glioma cells. Int. J. Oncol. 24,1419 -1425.[ISI][Medline]
Aquino, D.A., Peng, D., Lopez, C., and Farooq, M. (1998) The constitu tive heat shock protein-70 is required for optimal expression of myelin basic protein during differentiation of oligodendrocytes. Neurochem. Res. 23,413 -420.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Arap, M.A., Lahdenranta, J., Mintz, P.J., Hajitou, A., Sarkis, A.S., Arap, W., and Pasqualini, R. (2004) Cell surface expression of the stress response chaperone GRP78 enables tumor targeting by circulating ligands. Cancer Cell 6,275 -284.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Argon, Y., and Simen, B.B. (1999) GRP94, an ER chaperone with protein and peptide binding properties. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 10,495 -505.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Asea, A., Kraeft, S.K., Kurt-Jones, E.A., Stevenson, M.A., Chen, L.B., Fin berg, R.W., Koo, G.C., and Calderwood, S.K. (2000) HSP70 stimulates cytokine production through a CD14-dependant pathway, demonstrat ing its dual role as a chaperone and cytokine. Nat. Med. 6,435 -442.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Asea, A., Ara, G., Teicher, B.A., Stevenson, M.A., and Calderwood, S.K. (2001) Effects of the flavonoid drug quercetin on the response of human prostate tumours to hyperthermia in vitro and in vivo. Int. J. Hyperthermia 17,347 -356.[ISI][Medline]
Ashley, D.M., Sampson, J.H., Archer, G.E., Batra, S.K., Bigner, D.D., and Hale, L.P. (1997) A genetically modified allogeneic cellular vaccine generates MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic responses against tumor-associated antigens and protects against CNS tumors in vivo. J. Neuro immunol. 78,34 -46.
Asklund, T., Appelskog, I.B., Ammerpohl, O., Ekstrom, T.J., and Almqvist, P.M. (2004) Histone deacetylase inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate modulates glial fibrillary acidic protein and connexin 43 expression, and enhances gap-junction communication, in human glioblastoma cells. Eur. J. Cancer 40,1073 -1081.
Baker, M.J., Brem, S., Daniels, S., Sherman, B., and Phuphanich, S. (2002) Complete response of a recurrent, multicentric malignant glioma in a patient treated with phenylbutyrate. J. Neurooncol. 59,239 -242.[CrossRef][Medline]
Baker-LePain, J.C., Sarzotti, M., Fields, T.A., Li, C.Y., and
Nicchitta, C.V. (2002) GRP94 (gp96) and GRP94 N-terminal
geldanamycin binding domain elicit tissue nonrestricted tumor suppression.
J. Exp. Med. 196,1447
-1459.
Barazi, H.O., Zhou, L., Templeton, N.S., Krutzsch, H.C., and
Roberts, D.D. (2002) Identification of heat shock protein 60 as a
molecular mediator of alpha 3 beta 1 integrin activation. Cancer
Res. 62,1541
-1548.
Basu, S., Binder, R.J., Suto, R., Anderson, K.M., and Srivastava,
P.K. (2000) Necrotic but not apoptotic cell death releases heat
shock proteins, which deliver a partial maturation signal to dendritic cells
and activate the NF-kappa B pathway. Int. Immunol.
12,1539
-1546.
Basu, S., Binder, R.J., Ramalingam, T., and Srivastava, P.K. (2001) CD91 is a common receptor for heat shock proteins gp96, hsp90, hsp70, and calreticulin. Immunity 14,303 -313.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Becker, T., Hartl, F.U., and Wieland, F. (2002) CD40,
an extracellular receptor for binding and uptake of Hsp70-peptide complexes.
J. Cell Biol. 158,1277
-1285.
Becker, B., Multhoff, G., Farkas, B., Wild, P.J., Landthaler, M., Stolz, W., and Vogt, T. (2004) Induction of Hsp90 protein expression in malignant melanomas and melanoma metastases. Exp. Dermatol. 13,27 -32.[ISI][Medline]
Belli, F., Testori, A., Rivoltini, L., Maio, M., Andreola, G.,
Sertoli, M.R., Gal lino, G., Piris, A., Cattelan, A., Lazzari, I., Carrabba,
M., Scita, G., San tantonio, C., Pilla, L., Tragni, G., Lombardo, C., Arienti,
F., Marchiano, A., Queirolo, P., Bertolini, F., Cova, A., Lamaj, E., Ascani,
L., Camerini, R., Corsi, M., Cascinelli, N., Lewis, J.J., Srivastava, P., and
Parmiani, G. (2002) Vaccination of metastatic melanoma patients
with autologous tumor-derived heat shock protein gp96-peptide complexes:
Clinical and immunologic findings. J. Clin. Oncol.
20,4169
-4180.
Bellone, M., Iezzi, G., Martin-Fontecha, A., Rivolta, L., Manfredi, A.A., Protti, M.P., Freschi, M., Dellabona, P., Casorati, G., and Rugarli, C. (1997) Rejection of a nonimmunogenic melanoma by vaccination with natural melanoma peptides on engineered antigen-presenting cells. J. Immunol. 158,783 -789.[Abstract]
Berger, C.L., Dong, Z., Hanlon, D., Bisaccia, E., and Edelson, R.L. (1997) A lymphocyte cell surface heat shock protein homologous to the endo plasmic reticulum chaperone, immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein BIP. Int. J. Cancer 71,1077 -1085.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Berwin, B., Hart, J.P., Pizzo, S.V., and Nicchitta, C.V.
(2002) Cutting edge: CD91-independent cross-presentation of
GRP94(gp96)-associated peptides. J. Immunol.
168,4282
-4286.
Berwin, B., Hart, J.P., Rice, S., Gass, C., Pizzo, S.V., Post, S.R., and Nicchitta, C.V. (2003) Scavenger receptor-A mediates gp96/GRP94 and calreticu lin internalization by antigen-presenting cells. EMBO J. 22,6127 -6136.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Binder, R.J., Han, D.K., and Srivastava, P.K. (2000) CD91: A receptor for heat shock protein gp96. Nat. Immunol. 1,151 -155.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Binder, R.J., Karimeddini, D., and Srivastava, P.K.
(2001) Adjuvanticity of alpha 2-macroglobulin, an independent
ligand for the heat shock protein receptor CD91. J.
Immunol. 166,4968
-4972.
Blachere, N.E., Li, Z., Chandawarkar, R.Y., Suto, R., Jaikaria,
N.S., Basu, S., Udono, H., and Srivastava, P.K. (1997) Heat shock
protein-peptide complexes, reconstituted in vitro, elicit peptide-specific
cytotoxic T lym phocyte response and tumor immunity. J. Exp.
Med. 186,1315
-1322.
Bonini, N.M. (2002) Chaperoning brain degeneration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 10 (Suppl. 4),16407 -16411.
Borok, T.L., Winter, A., Laing, J., Paglione, R., Sterzer, F., Sinclair, I., and Plafker, J. (1988) Microwave hyperthermia radiosensitized iridium-192 for recurrent brain malignancy. Med. Dosim. 13,29 -36.[CrossRef][Medline]
Broquet, A.H., Thomas, G., Masliah, J., Trugnan, G., and Bachelet,
M. (2003) Expression of the molecular chaperone Hsp70 in
detergent-resistant microdomains correlates with its membrane delivery and
release. J. Biol. Chem.
278,21601
-21606.
Brunner, T.B., Hahn, S.M., Gupta, A.K., Muschel, R.J., McKenna,
W.G., and Bernhard, E.J. (2003) Farnesyltransferase inhibitors:
An overview of the results of preclinical and clinical investigations.
Cancer Res. 63,5656
-5668.
Castelli, C., Rivoltini, L., Rini, F., Belli, F., Testori, A., Maio, M., Mazzaferro, V., Coppa, J., Srivastava, P.K., and Parmiani, G. (2004) Heat shock proteins: Biological functions and clinical application as personalized vac cines for human cancer. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 53,227 -233.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Chen, X., Tao, Q., Yu, H., Zhang, L., and Cao, X. (2002) Tumor cell membrane-bound heat shock protein 70 elicits antitumor immunity. Immunol. Lett. 84, 81-87.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Chouchane, L., Bowers, F.S., Sawasdikosol, S., Simpson, R.M., and Kindt, T.J. (1994) Heat-shock proteins expressed on the surface of human T cell leukemia virus type I-infected cell lines induce autoantibodies in rabbits. J. Infect. Dis. 169,253 -259.[ISI][Medline]
Cox, A.D., and Der, C.J. (1997) Farnesyltransferase inhibitors and cancer treatment: Targeting simply Ras? Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1333,F51 -F71.[Medline]
Cwiklinska, H., Mycko, M.P., Luvsannorov, O., Walkowiak, B.,
Brosnan, C.F., Raine, C.S., and Selmaj, K.W. (2003) Heat shock
protein 70 asso ciations with myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein in
multiple sclerosis brains. Int. Immunol.
15,241
-249.
Delneste, Y., Magistrelli, G., Gauchat, J., Haeuw, J., Aubry, J., Nakamura, K., Kawakami-Honda, N., Goetsch, L., Sawamura, T., Bonnefoy, J., and Jeannin, P. (2002) Involvement of LOX-1 in dendritic cell-mediated antigen cross-presentation. Immunity 17,353 -362.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Elia, G., and Santoro, M.G. (1994) Regulation of heat shock protein synthesis by quercetin in human erythroleukaemia cells. Biochem. J. 300 (Pt. 1),201 -209.
Ellgaard, L., and Helenius, A. (2001) ER quality control: Towards an understanding at the molecular level. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 13,431 -437.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Engelhard, H.H., Homer, R.J., Duncan, H.A., and Rozental, J. (1998) Inhibitory effects of phenylbutyrate on the proliferation, morphology, migration and invasiveness of malignant glioma cells. J. Neurooncol. 37,97 -108.[CrossRef][Medline]
Fecci, P.E., and Sampson, J.H. (2002) Clinical immunotherapy for brain tumors. Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. 12,641 -664.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Feng, H., Zeng, Y., Whitesell, L., and Katsanis, E.
(2001) Stressed apoptotic tumor cells express heat shock proteins
and elicit tumor-specific immunity. Blood
97,3505
-3512.
Feng, H., Zeng, Y., Graner, M.W., and Katsanis, E.
(2002) Stressed apop totic tumor cells stimulate dendritic cells
and induce specific cytotoxic T cells. Blood
100,4108
-4115.
Feng, H., Zeng, Y., Graner, M.W., Likhacheva, A., and Katsanis, E.
(2003) Exogenous stress proteins enhance the immunogenicity of
apoptotic tumor cells and stimulate antitumor immunity.
Blood 101,245
-252.
Ferrarini, M., Heltai, S., Zocchi, M.R., and Rugarli, C. (1992) Unusual expression and localization of heat-shock proteins in human tumor cells. Int. J. Cancer 51,613 -619.[ISI][Medline]
Ferry, D.R., Smith, A., Malkhandi, J., Fyfe, D.W., deTakats, P.G., Anderson, D., Baker, J., and Kerr, D.J. (1996) Phase I clinical trial of the flavonoid quercetin: Pharmacokinetics and evidence for in vivo tyrosine kinase inhibition. Clin. Cancer Res. 2, 659-668.[Abstract]
Flynn, G.C., Chappell, T.G., and Rothman, J.E. (1989)
Peptide binding and release by proteins implicated as catalysts of protein
assembly. Science 245,385
-390.
Fortugno, P., Beltrami, E., Plescia, J., Fontana, J., Pradhan, D.,
Marchisio, P.C., Sessa, W.C., and Altieri, D.C. (2003) Regulation
of survivin function by Hsp90. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 100,13791
-13796.
Frydman, J. (2001) Folding of newly translated proteins in vivo: The role of molecular chaperones. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 70,603 -647.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Garrido, C., Gurbuxani, S., Ravagnan, L., and Kroemer, G. (2001) Heat shock proteins: Endogenous modulators of apoptotic cell death. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 286,433 -442.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Graner, M., and Katsanis, E. (2004) Chaperone proteins/heat shock proteins as anti-cancer vaccines. In: Morse, M.A., Clay, T.M., and Lyerly, H.K. (Eds.), Handbook of Cancer Vaccines. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press, pp.297 -316.
Graner, M., Raymond, A., Akporiaye, E., and Katsanis, E. (2000) Tumor-derived multiple chaperone enrichment by free-solution isoelectric focusing yields potent antitumor vaccines. Cancer Immunol. Immuno ther. 49,476 -484.
Graner, M.W., Zeng, Y., Feng, H., and Katsanis, E. (2003) Tumor-derived chaperone-rich cell lysates are effective therapeutic vaccines against a variety of cancers. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 52,226 -234.[ISI][Medline]
Gross, C., Hansch, D., Gastpar, R., and Multhoff, G. (2003a) Interaction of heat shock protein 70 peptide with NK cells involves the NK receptor CD94. Biol. Chem. 384,267 -279.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Gross, C., Koelch, W., DeMaio, A., Arispe, N., and Multhoff, G.
(2003b) Cell surface-bound heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) mediates
perforin-independent apoptosis by specific binding and uptake of granzyme B.
J. Biol. Chem. 278,41173
-41181.
Guzhova, I., Kislyakova, K., Moskaliova, O., Fridlanskaya, I., Tytell, M., Cheetham, M., and Margulis, B. (2001) In vitro studies show that Hsp70 can be released by glia and that exogenous Hsp70 can enhance neuronal stress tolerance. Brain Res. 914, 66-73.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Hansson, O., Nylandsted, J., Castilho, R.F., Leist, M., Jaattela, M., and Brundin, P. (2003) Overexpression of heat shock protein 70 in R6/2 Huntington's disease mice has only modest effects on disease progression. Brain Res. 970, 47-57.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Haslbeck, M. (2002) sHSPs and their role in the chaperone network. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 59,1649 -1657.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Heimberger, A.B., Crotty, L.E., Archer, G.E., Hess, K.R.,
Wikstrand, C.J., Friedman, A.H., Friedman, H.S., Bigner, D.D., and Sampson, J.
H.(2003) Epidermal growth factor receptor VIII peptide
vaccination is efficacious against established intracerebral tumors.
Clin. Cancer Res. 9,4247
-4254.
Hermisson, M., Strik, H., Rieger, J., Dichgans, J., Meyermann, R.,
and Weller, M. (2000) Expression and functional activity of heat
shock proteins in human glioblastoma multiforme.
Neurology 54,1357
-1365.
Hightower, L.E., and Guidon, P.T., Jr. (1989) Selective release from cultured mammalian cells of heat-shock (stress) proteins that resemble glia-axon transfer proteins. J. Cell Physiol. 138,257 -266.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Hitotsumatsu, T., Iwaki, T., Fukui, M., and Tateishi, J. (1996) Distinctive immunohistochemical profiles of small heat shock proteins (heat shock protein 27 and alpha B-crystallin) in human brain tumors. Cancer 77,352 -361.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Hosokawa, N., Hirayoshi, K., Nakai, A., Hosokawa, Y., Marui, N., Yoshida, M., Sakai, T., Nishino, H., Aoike, A., Kawai, K., and Nagata, K. (1990) Flavonoids inhibit the expression of heat shock proteins. Cell Struct. Funct. 15,393 -401.[ISI][Medline]
Houry, W.A. (2001) Chaperone-assisted protein folding in the cell cyto plasm. Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 2, 227-244.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Hu, W., Wu, W., Yeung, S.C., Freedman, R.S., Kavanagh, J.J., and Ver schraegen, C.F. (2002) Increased expression of heat shock protein 70 in adherent ovarian cancer and mesothelioma following treatment with manumycin, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor. Anticancer Res. 22,665 -672.[ISI][Medline]
Hu, W., Wu, W., Verschraegen, C.F., Chen, L., Mao, L., Yeung, S.C., Kudelka, A.P., Freedman, R.S., and Kavanagh, J.J. (2003) Proteomic identification of heat shock protein 70 as a candidate target for enhanc ing apoptosis induced by farnesyl transferase inhibitor. Proteomics 3,1904 -1911.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Huang, X.F., Ren, W., Rollins, L., Pittman, P., Shah, M., Shen, L.,
Gu, Q., Strube, R., Hu, F., and Chen, S.Y. (2003) A broadly
applicable, per sonalized heat shock protein-mediated oncolytic tumor vaccine.
Cancer Res. 63,7321
-7329.
Humphrey, P.A., Wong, A.J., Vogelstein, B., Zalutsky, M.R., Fuller,
G.N., Archer, G.E., Friedman, H.S., Kwatra, M.M., Bigner, S.H., and Bigner,
D.D. (1990) Anti-synthetic peptide antibody reacting at the
fusion junction of deletion-mutant epidermal growth factor receptors in human
glioblastoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
87,4207
-4211.
Hylander, B.L., Chen, X., Graf, P.C., and Subjeck, J.R. (2000) The distribution and localization of hsp110 in brain. Brain Res. 869,49 -55.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Imaizumi, T., Kuramoto, T., Matsunaga, K., Shichijo, S., Yutani, S., Shi gemori, M., Oizumi, K., and Itoh, K. (1999) Expression of the tumor-rejection antigen SART1 in brain tumors. Int. J. Cancer 83,760 -764.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Itoh, H., Komatsuda, A., Wakui, H., Miura, A.B., and Tashima, Y.
(1999) Mammalian HSP60 is a major target for an immunosuppressant
mizoribine. J. Biol. Chem.
274,35147
-35151.
Jaattela, M. (1995) Over-expression of hsp70 confers tumorigenicity to mouse fibrosarcoma cells. Int. J. Cancer 60,689 -693.[ISI][Medline]
Jaattela, M. (1999a) Escaping cell death: Survival proteins in cancer. Exp. Cell Res. 248, 30-43.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Jaattela, M. (1999b) Heat shock proteins as cellular lifeguards. Ann. Med. 31,261 -271.[ISI][Medline]
Jakubowicz-Gil, J., Paduch, R., Gawron, A., and Kandefer-Szerszen, M. (2002) The effect of heat shock, cisplatin, etoposide and quercetin on Hsp27 expression in human normal and tumour cells. Folia Histochem. Cytobiol. 40, 31-35.[Medline]
Janetzki, S., Palla, D., Rosenhauer, V., Lochs, H., Lewis, J.J., and Srivastava, P.K. (2000) Immunization of cancer patients with autologous cancer-derived heat shock protein gp96 preparations: A pilot study. Int. J. Cancer 88,232 -238.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Jolly, C., and Morimoto, R.I. (2000) Role of the heat
shock response and molecular chaperones in oncogenesis and cell death.
J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
92,1564
-1572.
Kamal, A., Thao, L., Sensintaffar, J., Zhang, L., Boehm, M.F., Fritz, L.C., and Burrows, F.J. (2003) A high-affinity conformation of Hsp90 confers tumour selectivity on Hsp90 inhibitors. Nature 425,407 -410.[CrossRef][Medline]
Karp, J.E., Lancet, J.E., Kaufmann, S.H., End, D.W., Wright, J.J.,
Bol, K., Horak, I., Tidwell, M.L., Liesveld, J., Kottke, T.J., Ange, D.,
Buddharaju, L., Gojo, I., Highsmith, W.E., Belly, R.T., Hohl, R.J., Rybak,
M.E., Thibault, A., and Rosenblatt, J. (2001) Clinical and
biologic activity of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor R115777 in adults with
refractory and relapsed acute leukemias: A phase 1 clinical-laboratory
correlative trial. Blood
97,3361
-3369.
Kato, M., Katsumoto, T., Ohno, K., Kato, S., Herz, F., and Takeshita, K. (1992) Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by cultured angiofibroma stroma cells from patients with tuberous sclerosis. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 18,559 -565.[ISI][Medline]
Kato, S., Hirano, A., Kato, M., Herz, F., and Ohama, E. (1993) Comparative study on the expression of stress-response protein (srp) 72, srp 27, alpha B-crystallin and ubiquitin in brain tumours. An immunohistochemical investigation. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 19,436 -442.[ISI][Medline]
Kato, S., Kato, M., Hirano, A., Takikawa, M., and Ohama, E. (2001) The immunohistochemical expression of stress-response protein (srp) 60 in human brain tumours: Relationship of srp 60 to the other five srps, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p53 protein. Histol. Histopathol. 16,809 -820.[ISI][Medline]
Katoh, M., Wilmotte, R., Belkouch, M.C., de Tribolet, N., Pizzolato, G., and Dietrich, P.Y. (2003) Survivin in brain tumors: An attractive target for immunotherapy. J. Neurooncol. 64,71 -76.[CrossRef][Medline]
Kaul, S.C., Matsui, M., Takano, S., Sugihara, T., Mitsui, Y., and Wadhwa, R. (1997) Expression analysis of mortalin, a unique member of the Hsp70 family of proteins, in rat tissues. Exp. Cell Res. 232,56 -63.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Kaur, I., Voss, S.D., Gupta, R.S., Schell, K., Fisch, P., and Sondel, P.M. (1993) Human peripheral gamma delta T cells recognize hsp60 molecules on Daudi Burkitt's lymphoma cells. J. Immunol. 150,2046 -2055.[Abstract]
Kazemi-Esfarjani, P., and Benzer, S. (2000) Genetic
suppression of polyglutamine toxicity in Drosophila.
Science 287,1837
-1840.
Kelland, L.R., Smith, V., Valenti, M., Patterson, L., Clarke, P.A.,
Detre, S., End, D., Howes, A.J., Dowsett, M., Workman, P., and Johnston, S.R.
(2001) Preclinical antitumor activity and pharmacodynamic stud
ies with the farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor R115777 in human breast
cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.
7,3544
-3550.
Kislin, K., Graner, M.W., and Katsoanis, E. (2004)Peptide-loaded chaperone-rich cell lysatses may enhance the effectiveness of anti-cancer vaccines . Presented at AACR National Meeting, Orlando, Fla. (abstract).
Kobayashi, T., Kida, Y., Matsui, M., and Amemiya, Y. (1990) [Interstitial hyperthermia of malignant brain tumors using implant heating system (IHS)]. No Shinkei Geka 18,247 -252.[Medline]
Kobayashi, T., Yamanaka, R., Homma, J., Tsuchiya, N., Yajima, N., Yoshida, S., and Tanaka, R. (2003) Tumor mRNA-loaded dendritic cells elicit tumor-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells in patients with malignant glioma. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 52,632 -637.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Kol, A., Lichtman, A.H., Finberg, R.W., Libby, P., and Kurt-Jones,
E.A. (2000) Cutting edge: Heat shock protein (HSP) 60 activates
the innate immune response: CD14 is an essential receptor for HSP60 activation
of mononuclear cells. J. Immunol.
164, 13-17.
Koya, K., Li, Y., Wang, H., Ukai, T., Tatsuta, N., Kawakami, M.,
and Chen, L.B. (1996) MKT-077, a novel rhodacyanine dye in
clinical trials, exhib its anticarcinoma activity in preclinical studies based
on selective mito chondrial accumulation. Cancer Res.
56,538
-543.
Krause, S.W., Gastpar, R., Andreesen, R., Gross, C., Ullrich, H.,
Thonigs, G., Pfister, K., and Multhoff, G. (2004) Treatment of
colon and lung cancer patients with ex vivo heat shock protein
70-peptide-activated, autologous natural killer cells: A clinical phase 1
trial. Clin. Cancer Res.
10,3699
-3707.
Kumaraguru, U., Gouffon, C.A., Jr., Ivey, R.A., 3rd, Rouse, B.T., and Bruce, B.D. (2003) Antigenic peptides complexed to phylogenically diverse Hsp70s induce differential immune responses. Cell Stress Chaperones 8, 134-143.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Lavictoire, S.J., Parolin, D.A., Klimowicz, A.C., Kelly, J.F., and
Lorimer, I.A. (2003) Interaction of Hsp90 with the nascent form
of the mutant epidermal growth factor receptor EGFRvIII. J. Biol.
Chem. 278,5292
-5299.
Le Brazidec, J.Y., Kamal, A., Busch, D., Thao, L., Zhang, L., Timony, G., Grecko, R., Trent, K., Lough, R., Salazar, T., Khan, S., Burrows, F., and Boehm, M.F. (2004) Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new class of geldanamycin derivatives as potent inhibitors of Hsp90. J. Med. Chem. 47,3865 -3873.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Lee, A.S. (2001) The glucose-regulated proteins: Stress induction and clini cal applications. Trends Biochem. Sci. 26,504 -510.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Liu, G., Khong, H.T., Wheeler, C.J., Yu, J.S., Black, K.L., and Ying, H. (2003) Molecular and functional analysis of tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2 as a cytotoxic T lymphocyte target in patients with malignant glioma. J. Immunother. 26,301 -312.
Liu, G., Ying, H., Zeng, G., Wheeler, C.J., Black, K.L., and Yu,
J.S. (2004a) HER-2, gp100, and MAGE-1 are expressed in human
glioblastoma and recognized by cytotoxic T cells. Cancer
Res. 64,4980
-4986.
Liu, G., Yu, J.S., Zeng, G., Yin, D., Xie, D., Black, K.L., and Ying, H. (2004b) AIM-2: A novel tumor antigen is expressed and presented by human glioma cells. J. Immunother. 27,220 -226.
Loging, W.T., Lal, A., Siu, I.M., Loney, T.L., Wikstrand, C.J.,
Marra, M.A., Prange, C., Bigner, D.D., Strausberg, R.L., and Riggins, G.J.
(2000) Identifying potential tumor markers and antigens by
database mining and rapid expression screening. Genome
Res. 10,1393
-1402.
Mackensen, A., Drager, R., Schlesier, M., Mertelsmann, R., and Lindemann, A. (2000) Presence of IgE antibodies to bovine serum albumin in a patient developing anaphylaxis after vaccination with human peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 49,152 -156.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Manfredi, A.A., Iannacone, M., D'Auria, F., and Rovere-Querini, P. (2002) The disposal of dying cells in living tissues. Apoptosis 7,153 -161.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Manjili, M.H., Henderson, R., Wang, X.Y., Chen, X., Li, Y.,
Repasky, E., Kazim, L., and Subjeck, J.R. (2002) Development of a
recombinant HSP110-HER-2/neuvaccine using the chaperoning properties of
HSP110. Cancer Res. 62,1737
-1742.
Massa, C., Guiducci, C., Arioli, I., Parenza, M., Colombo, M.P.,
and Melani, C. (2004) Enhanced efficacy of tumor cell vaccines
transfected with secretable hsp70. Cancer Res.
64,1502
-1508.
Mazzaferro, V., Coppa, J., Carrabba, M.G., Rivoltini, L., Schiavo,
M., Rega lia, E., Mariani, L., Camerini, T., Marchiano, A., Andreola, S.,
Camerini, R., Corsi, M., Lewis, J.J., Srivastava, P.K., and Parmiani, G.
(2003) Vac cination with autologous tumor-derived heat-shock
protein gp96 after liver resection for metastatic colorectal cancer.
Clin. Cancer Res. 9,3235
-3245.
Melero, I., Vile, R.G., and Colombo, M.P. (2000) Feeding dendritic cells with tumor antigens: Self-service buffet or a la carte? Gene Ther. 7,1167 -1170.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Menoret, A., Peng, P., and Srivastava, P.K. (1999) Association of peptides with heat shock protein gp96 occurs in vivo and not after cell lysis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 262,813 -818.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Merrick, B.A., He, C., Witcher, L.L., Patterson, R.M., Reid, J.J., Pence-Pawlowski, P.M., and Selkirk, J.K. (1996) HSP binding and mitochondrial localization of p53 protein in human HT1080 and mouse C3H10T1/2 cell lines. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1297,57 -68.[CrossRef][Medline]
Mimnaugh, E.G., Chavany, C., and Neckers, L. (1996)
Polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the p185c-erbB-2 receptor
protein-tyrosine kinase induced by geldanamycin. J. Biol.
Chem. 271,22796
-22801.
Modica-Napolitano, J.S., Koya, K., Weisberg, E., Brunelli, B.T.,
Li, Y., and Chen, L.B. (1996) Selective damage to carcinoma
mitochondria by the rhodacyanine MKT-077. Cancer Res.
56,544
-550.
Moran, C.J., Marchosky, J.A., Wippold, F.J., 2nd, DeFord, J.A., and Fearnot, N.E. (1995) Conductive interstitial hyperthermia in the treatment of intracranial metastatic disease. J. Neurooncol. 26,53 -63.[CrossRef][Medline]
Moscatello, D.K., Ramirez, G., and Wong, A.J. (1997) A
naturally occurring mutant human epidermal growth factor receptor as a target
for peptide vaccine immunotherapy of tumors. Cancer
Res. 57,1419
-1424.
Mosser, D.D., and Morimoto, R.I. (2004) Molecular chaperones and the stress of oncogenesis. Oncogene 23,2907 -2918.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Mulholland, P.J., Ferry, D.R., Anderson, D., Hussain, S.A., Young,
A.M., Cook, J.E., Hodgkin, E., Seymour, L.W., and Kerr, D.J.
(2001) Pre-clinical and clinical study of QC12, a water-soluble,
pro-drug of quercetin. Ann. Oncol.
12,245
-248.
Multhoff, G. (2002) Activation of natural killer cells by heat shock protein 70. Int. J. Hyperthermia 18,576 -585.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Multhoff, G., and Hightower, L.E. (1996) Cell surface expression of heat shock proteins and the immune response. Cell Stress Chaperones 1,167 -176.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Multhoff, G., Pfister, K., Gehrmann, M., Hantschel, M., Gross, C., Hafner, M., and Hiddemann, W. (2001) A 14-mer Hsp70 peptide stimulates natural killer (NK) cell activity. Cell Stress Chaperones 6,337 -344.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Murayama, K., Kobayashi, T., Imaizumi, T., Matsunaga, K., Kuramoto, T., Shigemori, M., Shichijo, S., and Itoh, K. (2000) Expression of the SART3 tumor-rejection antigen in brain tumors and induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by its peptides. J. Immunother. 23,511 -518.
Mycko, M.P., Cwiklinska, H., Szymanski, J., Szymanska, B., Kudla,
G., Kilianek, L., Odyniec, A., Brosnan, C.F., and Selmaj, K.W.
(2004) Induc ible heat shock protein 70 promotes myelin
autoantigen presentation by the HLA class II. J.
Immunol. 172,202
-213.
Nadler, S.G., Tepper, M.A., Schacter, B., and Mazzucco, C.E.
(1992) Inter action of the immunosuppressant deoxyspergualin with
a member of the Hsp70 family of heat shock proteins.
Science 258,484
-486.
Nadler, S.G., Eversole, A.C., Tepper, M.A., and Cleaveland, J.S. (1995) Elucidating the mechanism of action of the immunosuppressant 15-deoxyspergualin. Ther. Drug Monit. 17,700 -703.[ISI][Medline]
Nakajima, T., Roberts, D.W., Ryan, T.P., Hoopes, P.J., Coughlin, C.T., Trem bly, B.S., and Strohbehn, J.W. (1993) Pattern of response to interstitial hyperthermia and brachytherapy for malignant intracranial tumour: A CT analysis. Int. J. Hyperthermia 9,491 -502.[ISI][Medline]
Navratil, J.S., Sabatine, J.M., and Ahearn, J.M. (2004) Apoptosis and immune responses to self. Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. 30,193 -212.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Naylor, D.J., and Hartl, F.U. (2001) Contribution of molecular chaperones to protein folding in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Biochem. Soc. Symp.45 -68.
Nicchitta, C.V. (1998) Biochemical, cell biological and immunological issues surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP94/gp96. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 10,103 -109.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Nicchitta, C.V. (2003) Re-evaluating the role of heat-shock protein-peptide interactions in tumour immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3,427 -432.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Nonaka, T., Akimoto, T., Mitsuhashi, N., Tamaki, Y., Yokota, S., and Nakano, T. (2003) Changes in the localization of heat shock protein 72 correlated with development of thermotolerance in human esophageal cancer cell line. Anticancer Res. 23,4677 -4687.[ISI][Medline]
Nylandsted, J., Wick, W., Hirt, U.A., Brand, K., Rohde, M., Leist,
M., Weller, M., and Jaattela, M. (2002) Eradication of
glioblastoma, and breast and colon carcinoma xenografts by Hsp70 depletion.
Cancer Res. 62,7139
-7142.
Ohashi, K., Burkart, V., Flohe, S., and Kolb, H.
(2000) Cutting edge: Heat shock protein 60 is a putative
endogenous ligand of the toll-like receptor-4 complex. J.
Immunol. 164,558
-561.
Panjwani, N., Popova, L., Febbraio, M., and Srivastava, P.K. (2000) The CD36 scavenger receptor as a receptor for Gp96. Cell Stress Chaper ones 5, 391 (abstract).
Pardridge, W.M. (2004) Intravenous, non-viral RNAi gene therapy of brain cancer. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 4,1103 -1113.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Park, J.W., Yeh, M.W., Wong, M.G., Lobo, M., Hyun, W.C., Duh, Q.Y.,
and Clark, O.H. (2003) The heat shock protein 90-binding
geldanamycin inhibits cancer cell proliferation, down-regulates oncoproteins,
and inhibits epidermal growth factor-induced invasion in thyroid cancer cell
lines. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
88,3346
-3353.
Piselli, P., Vendetti, S., Poccia, F., Cicconi, R., Mattei, M., Bolognesi, A., Stirpe, F., and Colizzi, V. (1995) In vitro and in vivo efficacy of heat shock protein specific immunotoxins on human tumor cells. J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents 9, 55-62.[ISI][Medline]
Pratt, W.B., and Toft, D.O. (2003) Regulation of
signaling protein function and trafficking by the hsp90/hsp70-based chaperone
machinery. Exp. Biol. Med.
228,111
-133.
Prodromou, C., Roe, S.M., O'Brien, R., Ladbury, J.E., Piper, P.W., and Pearl, L.H. (1997) Identification and structural characterization of the ATP/ADP-binding site in the Hsp90 molecular chaperone. Cell 90,65 -75.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Prohaszka, Z., and Fust, G. (2004) Immunological aspects of heat-shock proteins the optimum stress of life. Mol. Immunol. 41,29 -44.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Proskuryakov, S.Y., Konoplyannikov, A.G., and Gabai, V.L. (2003) Necrosis: A specific form of programmed cell death? Exp. Cell Res. 283,1 -16.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Reddy, R.K., Dubeau, L., Kleiner, H., Parr, T., Nichols, P., Ko,
B., Dong, D., Ko, H., Mao, C., DiGiovanni, J., and Lee, A.S.
(2002) Cancer-inducible transgene expression by the Grp94
promoter: Spontaneous activation in tumors of various origins and
cancer-associated macrophages. Cancer Res.
62,7207
-7212.
Reiter, I., Krammer, B., and Schwamberger, G. (1999)
Cutting edge: Differential effect of apoptotic versus necrotic tumor cells on
macrophage antitumor activities. J. Immunol.
163,1730
-1732.
Rich, J.N., and Bigner, D.D. (2004) Development of novel targeted therapies in the treatment of malignant glioma. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 3,430 -446.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Roberts, D.W., Coughlin, C.T., Wong, T.Z., Fratkin, J.D., Douple, E.B., and Strohbehn, J.W. (1986) Interstitial hyperthermia and iridium brachytherapy in treatment of malignant glioma. A phase I clinical trial. J. Neurosurg. 64,581 -587.[ISI][Medline]
Rong, Y., Yang, E.B., Zhang, K., and Mack, P. (2000) Quercetin-induced apoptosis in the monoblastoid cell line U937 in vitro and the regulation of heat shock proteins expression. Anticancer Res. 20,4339 -4345.[ISI][Medline]
Rubenstein, R.C., and Zeitlin, P.L. (2000) Sodium
4-phenylbutyrate down-regulates Hsc70: Implications for intracellular
trafficking of DeltaF508-CFTR. Am. J. Physiol. Cell
Physiol. 278,C259
-C267.
Sakagami, M., Morrison, P., and Welch, W.J. (1999) Benzoquinoid ansa mycins (herbimycin A and geldanamycin) interfere with the maturation of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. Cell Stress Chaperones 4,19 -28.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Scheffer, S.R., Nave, H., Korangy, F., Schlote, K., Pabst, R., Jaffee, E.M., Manns, M.P., and Greten, T.F. (2003) Apoptotic, but not necrotic, tumor cell vaccines induce a potent immune response in vivo. Int. J. Cancer 103,205 -211.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Schulte, T.W., An, W.G., and Neckers, L.M. (1997) Geldanamycin-induced destabilization of Raf-1 involves the proteasome. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 239,655 -659.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Shin, B.K., Wang, H., Yim, A.M., Le Naour, F., Brichory, F., Jang,
J.H., Zhao, R., Puravs, E., Tra, J., Michael, C.W., Misek, D.E., and Hanash,
S.M. (2003) Global profiling of the cell surface proteome of
cancer cells uncovers an abundance of proteins with chaperone function.
J. Biol. Chem. 278,7607
-7616.
Soga, S., Shiotsu, Y., Akinaga, S., and Sharma, S.V. (2003) Development of radicicol analogues. Curr. Cancer Drug Targets 3,359 -369.[CrossRef][Medline]
Soling, A., and Rainov, N.G. (2001) Dendritic cell therapy of primary brain tumors. Mol. Med. 7, 659-667.[ISI][Medline]
Sreedhar, A.S., Soti, C., and Csermely, P. (2004) Inhibition of Hsp90: A new strategy for inhibiting protein kinases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1697,233 -242.[Medline]
Srivastava, P. (2002) Interaction of heat shock proteins with peptides and antigen presenting cells: Chaperoning of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20,395 -425.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Srivastava, P.K., and Old, L.J. (1989) Identification
of a human homologue of the murine tumor rejection antigen GP96.
Cancer Res. 49,1341
-1343.
Srivastava, P.K., DeLeo, A.B., and Old, L.J. (1986)
Tumor rejection antigens of chemically induced sarcomas of inbred mice.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
83,3407
-3411.
Srivastava, P.K., Udono, H., Blachere, N.E., and Li, Z. (1994) Heat shock proteins transfer peptides during antigen processing and CTL priming. Immunogenetics 39, 93-98.[ISI][Medline]
Stebbins, C.E., Russo, A.A., Schneider, C., Rosen, N., Hartl, F.U., and Pav letich, N.P. (1997) Crystal structure of an Hsp90-geldanamycin com plex: Targeting of a protein chaperone by an antitumor agent. Cell 89,239 -250.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Sulit, H.L., Golub, S.H., Irie, R.F., Gupta, R.K., Grooms, G.A., and Morton, D.L. (1976) Human tumor cells grown in fetal calf serum and human serum: Influences on the tests for lymphocyte cytotoxicity, serum blocking and serum arming effects. Int. J. Cancer 17,461 -468.[ISI][Medline]
Sun, J., Ohkanda, J., Coppola, D., Yin, H., Kothare, M., Busciglio,
B., Hamil ton, A.D., and Sebti, S.M. (2003)
Geranylgeranyltransferase I inhibitor GGTI-2154 induces breast carcinoma
apoptosis and tumor regression in H-Ras transgenic mice. Cancer
Res. 63,8922
-8929.
Supino-Rosin, L., Yoshimura, A., Yarden, Y., Elazar, Z., and
Neumann, D. (2000) Intracellular retention and degradation of the
epidermal growth factor receptor, two distinct processes mediated by
benzoquinone ans amycins. J. Biol. Chem.
275,21850
-21855.
Takano, S., Wadhwa, R., Yoshii, Y., Nose, T., Kaul, S.C., and Mitsui, Y. (1997) Elevated levels of mortalin expression in human brain tumors. Exp. Cell Res. 237, 38-45.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Takayama, S., Reed, J.C., and Homma, S. (2003) Heat-shock proteins as regulators of apoptosis. Oncogene 22,9041 -9047.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Tanaka, R., Kim, C.H., Yamada, N., and Saito, Y. (1987) Radiofrequency hyperthermia for malignant brain tumors: Preliminary results of clinical trials. Neurosurgery 21,478 -483.[ISI][Medline]
Thrall, D.E., Larue, S.M., Powers, B.E., Page, R.L., Johnson, J., George, S.L., Kornegay, J.N., McEntee, M.C., Levesque, D.C., Smith, M., Case, B.C., Dewhirst, M.W., and Gillette, E.L. (1999) Use of whole body hyperthermia as a method to heat inaccessible tumours uniformly: A phase III trial in canine brain masses. Int. J. Hyperthermia 15,383 -398.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Toldbod, H.E., Agger, R., Bolund, L., and Hokland, M. (2003) Potent influence of bovine serum proteins in experimental dendritic cell-based vac cination protocols. Scand. J. Immunol. 58,43 -50.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Trieb, K., Lang, S., and Kotz, R. (2000) Heat-shock protein 72 in human osteosarcoma: T-lymphocyte reactivity and cytotoxicity. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 17,355 -364.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Tytell, M., Greenberg, S.G., and Lasek, R.J. (1986) Heat shock-like protein is transferred from glia to axon. Brain Res. 363,161 -164.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Ullrich, S.J., Robinson, E.A., Law, L.W., Willingham, M., and
Appella, E. (1986) A mouse tumor-specific transplantation antigen
is a heat shock-related protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 83,3121
-3125.
Vabulas, R.M., Braedel, S., Hilf, N., Singh-Jasuja, H., Herter, S.,
Ahmad-Nejad, P., Kirschning, C.J., Da Costa, C., Rammensee, H.G., Wagner, H.,
and Schild, H. (2002) The endoplasmic reticulum-resident heat
shock protein Gp96 activates dendritic cells via the Toll-like receptor 2/4
pathway. J. Biol. Chem.
277,20847
-20853.
van Eden, W., Koets, A., van Kooten, P., Prakken, B., and van der Zee, R. (2003) Immunopotentiating heat shock proteins: Negotiators between innate danger and control of autoimmunity. Vaccine 21,897 -901.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Vecil, G.G., and Lang, F.F. (2003) Clinical trials of adenoviruses in brain tumors: A review of Ad-p53 and oncolytic adenoviruses. J. Neuro oncol. 65,237 -246.[CrossRef][Medline]
Wachsberger, P.R., Burd, R., Bhala, A., Bobyock, S.B., Wahl, M.L., Owen, C.S., Rifat, S.B., and Leeper, D.B. (2003) Quercetin sensitizes cells in a tumour-like low pH environment to hyperthermia. Int. J. Hyperthermia 19,507 -519.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Wadhwa, R., Kaul, S.C., Ikawa, Y., and Sugimoto, Y.
(1993) Identification of a novel member of mouse hsp70 family.
Its association with cellular mortal phenotype. J. Biol.
Chem. 268,6615
-6621.
Wadhwa, R., Taira, K., and Kaul, S.C. (2002a) An Hsp70 family chaperone, mortalin/mthsp70/PBP74/Grp75: What, when, and where? Cell Stress Chaperones 7, 309-316.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Wadhwa, R., Colgin, L., Yaguchi, T., Taira, K., Reddel, R.R., and
Kaul, S.C. (2002b) Rhodacyanine dye MKT-077 inhibits in vitro
telomerase assay but has no detectable effects on telomerase activity in vivo.
Cancer Res. 62,4434
-4438.
Walker, P.R., Calzascia, T., de Tribolet, N., and Dietrich, P.Y. (2003) T-cell immune responses in the brain and their relevance for cerebral malig nancies. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 42, 97-122.[CrossRef][Medline]
Wang, M.H., Grossmann, M.E., and Young, C.Y. (2004) Forced expression of heat-shock protein 70 increases the secretion of Hsp70 and provides protection against tumour growth. Br. J. Cancer 90,926 -931.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Wang, X.Y., Chen, X., Manjili, M.H., Repasky, E., Henderson, R.,
and Sub jeck, J.R. (2003) Targeted immunotherapy using
reconstituted chap erone complexes of heat shock protein 110 and
melanoma-associated antigen gp100. Cancer Res.
63,2553
-2560.
Wang, X.Y, Manjili, M.H., Park J., Chen, X., Repasky, E., and Subjeck, J.R. (2004) Development of cancer vaccines using autologous and recombi nant high molecular weight stress proteins. Methods 32,13 -20.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Wearsch, P.A., and Nicchitta, C.V. (1997) Interaction
of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP94 with peptide substrates is adenine
nucleotide-independent. J. Biol. Chem.
272,5152
-5156.
White, T.K., Zhu, Q., and Tanzer, M.L. (1995) Cell
surface calreticulin is a putative mannoside lectin which triggers mouse
melanoma cell spread ing. J. Biol. Chem.
270,15926
-15929.
Whitesell, L., Mimnaugh, E.G., De Costa, B., Myers, C.E., and
Neckers, L.M. (1994) Inhibition of heat shock protein
HSP90-pp60v-src heteroprotein complex formation by benzoquinone ansamycins:
Essential role for stress proteins in oncogenic transformation.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
91,8324
-8328.
Wikstrand, C.J., Hale, L.P., Batra, S.K., Hill, M.L., Humphrey,
P.A., Kur pad, S.N., McLendon, R.E., Moscatello, D., Pegram, C.N., Reist,
C.J., Traweek, S.T., Wong, A.J., Zalutsky, M.R., and Bigner, D.D.
(1995) Monoclonal antibodies against EGFRvIII are tumor specific
and react with breast and lung carcinomas and malignant gliomas.
Cancer Res. 55,3140
-3148.
Wikstrand, C.J., Cokgor, I., Sampson, J.H., and Bigner, D.D. (1999) Mono clonal antibody therapy of human gliomas: Current status and future approaches. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 18,451 -464.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Wong, A.J., Ruppert, J.M., Bigner, S.H., Grzeschik, C.H., Humphrey,
P.A., Bigner, D.D., and Vogelstein, B. (1992) Structural
alterations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in human gliomas.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
89,2965
-2969.
Workman, P. (2004) Combinatorial attack on multistep oncogenesis by inhibiting the Hsp90 molecular chaperone. Cancer Lett. 206,149 -157.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Wright, J.M., Zeitlin, P.L., Cebotaru, L., Guggino, S.E., and
Guggino, W.B. (2004) Gene expression profile analysis of
4-phenylbutyrate treatment of IB3-1 bronchial epithelial cell line
demonstrates a major influence on heat-shock proteins. Physiol.
Genomics 16,204
-211.
Wu, W.Z., Liu, K.D., Xie, Q., and Wu, H.S. (1999) The study on the expression of membrane HSP70 protein in H22 cell and its immunoprotective mechanism against carcinoma. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 18,543 -548.[ISI][Medline]
Xiao, G., Chung, T.F., Fine, R.E., and Johnson, R.J. (1999) Calreticulin is transported to the surface of NG108-15 cells where it forms surface patches and is partially degraded in an acidic compartment. J. Neuro sci. Res. 58,652 -662.
Xu, W., Mimnaugh, E., Rosser, M.F., Nicchitta, C., Marcu, M.,
Yarden, Y., and Neckers, L. (2001) Sensitivity of mature Erbb2 to
geldanamycin is conferred by its kinase domain and is mediated by the
chaperone protein Hsp90. J. Biol. Chem.
276,3702
-3708.
Yamada, A., Kawano, K., Koga, M., Matsumoto, T., and Itoh, K.
(2001) Multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 is a tumor
rejection antigen recognized by HLA-A2402-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Cancer Res. 61,6459
-6466.
Yamanaka, R., Abe, T., Yajima, N., Tsuchiya, N., Homma, J., Kobayashi, T., Narita, M., Takahashi, M., and Tanaka, R. (2003) Vaccination of recurrent glioma patients with tumour lysate-pulsed dendritic cells elic its immune responses: Results of a clinical phase I/II trial. Br. J. Cancer 89,1172 -1179.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Yamazaki, K., Nguyen, T., and Podack, E.R. (1999)
Cutting edge: Tumor secreted heat shock-fusion protein elicits CD8 cells for
rejection. J. Immunol.
163,5178
-5182.
Yang, J., Yang, J.M., Iannone, M., Shih, W.J., Lin, Y., and Hait,
W.N. (2001) Disruption of the EF-2 kinase/Hsp90 protein complex:
A possible mechanism to inhibit glioblastoma by geldanamycin.
Cancer Res. 61,4010
-4016.
Yang, L., Ng, K.Y., and Lillehei, K.O. (2003) Cell-mediated immunotherapy: A new approach to the treatment of malignant glioma. Cancer Control 10,138 -147.[Medline]
Yokota, S., Kitahara, M., and Nagata, K. (2000)
Benzylidene lactam com pound, KNK437, a novel inhibitor of acquisition of
thermotolerance and heat shock protein induction in human colon carcinoma
cells. Cancer Res. 60,2942
-2948.
Younes, A. (2003) A phase II study of heat shock protein-peptide complex-96 vaccine therapy in patients with indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Clin. Lymphoma 4, 183-185.[ISI][Medline]
Yu, J.S., Wheeler, C.J., Zeltzer, P.M., Ying, H., Finger, D.N.,
Lee, P.K., Yong, W.H., Incardona, F., Thompson, R.C., Riedinger, M.S., Zhang,
W., Prins, R.M., and Black, K.L. (2001) Vaccination of malignant
glioma patients with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells elicits systemic
cytotoxicity and intracranial T-cell infiltration. Cancer
Res. 61,842
-847.
Yu, J.S., Liu, G., Ying, H., Yong, W.H., Black, K.L., and Wheeler,
C.J. (2004) Vaccination with tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells
elicits antigen-specific, cytotoxic T-cells in patients with malignant glioma.
Cancer Res. 64,4973
-4979.
Zagzag, D., Nomura, M., Friedlander, D.R., Blanco, C.Y., Gagner,
J.P., Nomura, N., and Newcomb, E.W. (2003) Geldanamycin inhibits
migration of glioma cells in vitro: A potential role for hypoxia-inducible
factor (HIF-1
) in glioma cell invasion. J. Cell
Physiol. 196,394
-402.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Zeng, Y., Feng, H., Graner, M.W., and Katsanis, E.
(2003) Tumor-derived, chaperone-rich cell lysate activates
dendritic cells and elicits potent antitumor immunity.
Blood 101,4485
-4491.
Zeng, Y., Graner, M.W., Feng, H., Li, G., and Katsanis, E. (2004) Imatinib mesylate effectively combines with chaperone-rich cell lysate-loaded dendritic cells to treat bcr-abl+ murine leukemia. Int. J. Cancer 110,251 -259.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
Zeng, Y., Graner, M.W., Thompson, S., Marron, M., and Katsanis, E.
(2005) Induction of BCR-ABL-specific immunity following
vaccination with chaperone-rich cell lysates derived from BCR-ABL+ tumor
cells. Blood 105,2016
-2022.
Zheng, H., Dai, J., Stoilova, D., and Li, Z. (2001)
Cell surface targeting of heat shock protein gp96 induces dendritic cell
maturation and antitumor immunity. J. Immunol.
167,6731
-6735.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. W. Graner, R. I. Cumming, and D. D. Bigner The Heat Shock Response and Chaperones/Heat Shock Proteins in Brain Tumors: Surface Expression, Release, and Possible Immune Consequences J. Neurosci., October 17, 2007; 27(42): 11214 - 11227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
