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EGFR and erbB2 in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and implications for targeted therapy

Institute of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (N.H., E.M., J.Z.); Institute of Pathology, Helios-Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin (A.F.O.); Department of Neuropathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Heidelberg (J.M., A.V.); Department of Neuropathology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, and Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg (C.M.); Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg (V.-F.M.); Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn (H.-U.S.); Germany

Address correspondence to Nikola Holtkamp, Institute of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CVK, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany (nikola.holtkamp{at}charite.de).

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are sarcomas with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Evidence for a role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and receptor tyrosine kinase erbB2 in MPNSTs led us to systematically study these potential therapeutic targets in a larger tumor panel (n = 37). Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed increased EGFR dosage in 28% of MPNSTs. ERBB2 and three tumor suppressor genes (PTEN [phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10], CDKN2A [cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A], and TP53 [tumor protein p53]) were frequently lost or reduced. Reduction of CDKN2A was linked to appearance of metastasis. Comparison of corresponding neurofibromas and MPNSTs revealed an increase in genetic lesions in MPNSTs. No somatic mutations were found within tyrosine-kinase–encoding exons of EGFR and ERBB2. However, at the protein level, expression of EGFR and erbB2 was frequently detected in MPNSTs. EGFR expression was significantly associated with increased EGFR gene dosage. The EGFR ligands transforming growth factor and EGF were more strongly expressed in MPNSTs than in neurofibromas. The effects of the drugs erlotinib and trastuzumab, which target EGFR and erbB2, were determined on MPNST cell lines. In contrast to trastuzumab, erlotinib mediated dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. EGF-induced EGFR phosphorylation was attenuated by erlotinib. Summarized, our data indicate that EGFR and erbB2 are potential targets in treatment of MPNST patients.

Key Words: EGFR • ERBB2 • MPNST • targeted therapy • tumor suppressor gene

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